Disaster management in India refers to conservation of lives and property during a natural or man-made disaster. Disaster management plans are multi-layered and are planned to address issues such as floods, hurricanes, fires, mass failure of utilities and the rapid spread of disease. India is especially vulnerable to natural disasters because of its unique geo-climatic conditions, having recurrent floods, droughts, cyclones, earthquakes and landslides.Due to the vastness of the country different regions are vulnerable to different natural disasters. For example, during rainy season the peninsular regions of South India is mostly affected by cyclones and states of West India experience severe drought during summer.
The new approach started from the conviction that development cannot be sustained unless mitigation is built into the development process. Another cornerstone of the approach is that mitigation must be multi-disciplinary, spanning across all sectors of development.The new policy also emanates from the belief that investments in mitigation are much more cost effective than expenditure on relief and rehabilitation. Disaster management occupies an important place in India's policy framework, as poor people are most affected by disaster and they are India's predominant population.
Disaster Management Holiday Homework Class 9 'LINK'
The Disaster Management Act was passed by the Lok Sabha on 28 November 2005, and by the Rajya Sabha on 12 December 2005. It received the assent of the President of India on 9 January 2006.The Act calls for the establishment of a National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA), with the Prime Minister of India as chairperson. The NDMA has no more than nine members at a time, including a Vice-Chairperson. The tenure of the members of the NDMA is 5 years. The NDMA which was initially established on 30 May 2005 by an executive order, was constituted under Section-3(1) of the Disaster Management Act, on 27 September 2005. The NDMA is responsible for "laying down the policies, plans and guidelines for disaster management" and to ensure very timely and effective response to disaster". Under section 6 of the Act it is responsible for laying "down guidelines to be followed by the State Authorities in drawing up the country Plans".
On 1 June 2016, Narendra Modi, the Prime Minister of India, launched the Disaster Management Plan of India, which seeks to provide a frame work and direction to government agencies for prevention, mitigation and management of disasters. This is the first plan nationally since the enactment of the Disaster Management Act of 2005.[1]
National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA) is an agency of the Ministry of Home Affairs whose primary purpose is to coordinate response to natural or man-made disasters and for capacity-building in disaster resiliency and crisis response.[2] NDMA was established through the Disaster Management Act enacted by the Government of India in December 2005.[3] The Prime Minister is the ex-officio chairperson of NDMA. The agency is responsible for framing policies, laying down guidelines and best-practices and coordinating with the State Disaster Management Authorities (SDMAs) management.[4]
(a) A sudden happening that causes enormous damage to life, property and social aspects of a nation or society is called a disaster.(b) Disasters are of two types:Man-made disasters: These disasters are the result of technological or human hazards. Examples of man-made disasters are road accidents, forest fires, collapsing of building due to usage of poor quality materials, etc.Natural disasters: There are due to imbalance occurring in nature various environmental factors. Examples of natural disasters are earthquakes, volcanic eruption, etc.(c) Disaster management is the strategy and course of action to be executed at the time of any disaster to save as much life as possible. (d) Main components of disaster management are:Preparation: A plan is created to minimise the damage if a disaster occurs.Redemption: It is the plan to minimise the damage to the society and country.Preparedness: A plan is chalked out to get quick response from public and administration.Impact of disaster: Intensity of disaster and disaster management are reviewed.Response: This stage deals with providing immediate response after an incident has occurred.Resurgence: It is an important link between emergency measures and national progress. It includes the steps which are required for the welfare and rehabilitation of the nation. Restoration: It is an important link between measures after disaster and national development. It includes steps useful for progress ofnation and rehabilitation.
A public health approach to disaster risk management will aim to decrease thevulnerability by adopting prevention and mitigation measures to reduce thephysical impact and to increase the coping capacity and preparedness of thehealth sector and community, in addition to providing traditional emergency care(response) once the disaster has occurred.
Typical interventions in the aftermath of disasters include strengthening themonitoring and surveillance of water quality, vector control, excretadisposal, solid waste management, health education, and food safety.
If donations and supplies are managed transparently during the emergency, theflow of assistance to the intended beneficiaries will be improved.Unsolicited and often inappropriate medical donations compete with valuablerelief supplies for scarce logistical resources. Good governance iscritical, and effective logistics cannot be improvised following a disaster.A humanitarian supply management system developed by PAHO and WHOsuccessfully helped developing countries improve transparency andaccountability in managing humanitarian supplies and donations (de Ville de Goyet, Acosta, and others1996).
The most compelling case for the cost-effectiveness of mitigation can be madeduring the planning phase for new installations, when costs of additionalstructural safety are minimal. Although the social benefits of prevention andrisk management are more evident in the health sector than in others, furtherstudies are needed to provide decision makers with quantified parameters of theeconomic benefits brought about by investment in risk management and disasterreduction.
The prime objective of a developing country is to develop. Emergencies anddisasters have proven to be major obstacles and setbacks in the path towardsustainable development. Conversely, the shortcomings in development programsand institutions reduce the effectiveness of the health response in times ofcrisis. Development and disaster risk management cannot be addressed separately.Reducing risk is not a luxury reserved for more developed societies; it is anecessity in countries with fragile economies and health systems. It is clearlya public health priority.
Learning from past disasters is difficult. At a national level, the relativelylong periods between major disasters result in few decision makers having priordisaster management experience. At an international level, the frequent turnoverof relief workers ensures that many of the actors are relatively inexperiencedand susceptible to adopting myths and clichés, which are rarelychallenged by the media and the academic world. It is time for an internationalinitiative to identify the best practices, and it is time for affected countriesand scientists to point out the inadequacies of responses.
Some services that ordinarily operate on holidays and weekends will begin to reopen Friday, Nov. 11, according to their scheduled holiday and weekend hours. Faculty and student researchers who wish to return to labs may do so tomorrow. Saturday classes will go on as scheduled Nov. 12.
The practice of efficiently anticipating and responding to calamities is known as disaster management. In order to reduce the damage caused by disasters, resources must be strategically organised. The management of the duties associated with catastrophe prevention, readiness, response, and recovery also entails a systematic approach.
Even before disaster strikes, children need measures that reduce their risks of harm and support a resilient recovery. We work on vulnerability mapping, multi-hazard early warning systems, comprehensive disaster-management strategies and post-disaster needs. We also help governments build their capacity to strengthen social services and infrastructure to reduce the impact of disaster.
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